A basic element in the university is that work planning and execution are
decentralised to individual members (i.e. faculty) who maintain considerable control
over low-level goals and the use of particular procedures (Whitley, 1984). Thus, the
term “professoriate” implies a coherent and definable community (Stromquist, 2007),
although it has become a large and complex profession with many faces (Enders, 2006)