were used in place of the Structured Clinical Interview
for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(SCID) assessments. A PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater
was considered consistent with postpartum depression
if no other cause for the depressive symptoms
was found by the evaluating primary care physician
(PHQ-9 is scored on a range from 0 to 27, where
higher scores indicate greater depression severity). If
the EPDS was greater than 10 (scored on a scale from
0 to 30, with a score of 10 or greater indicating possible
depression), but the PHQ-9 was not elevated, the
physician was directed to use clinical judgment regarding
further evaluation and follow-up