Bees(Apidae)areflower-visitinginsectsthatpossesshighlyefficientmouthpartsfortheingestionofnec-tarandothersucrosefluids.Theirmouthpartsarecomposedofmandiblesandatube-likeproboscis.Theproboscisformsafoodcanal,whichencompassesaprotrusibleandhairytonguetoloadandimbibenec-tar,representingafluid-feedingtechniquewithalowReynoldsnumber.Thewesternhoneybee,Apismelliferaligustica,canrhythmicallyerectthetonguemicrotrichiatoregulatetheglossalshape,achiev-ingatradeoff betweennectarintakerateandviscousdrag.Neotropicalorchidbees(Euglossaimperialis)possessaproboscislongerthanthebodyandcombinesthislapping-suckingmodeoffluid-feedingwithsuctionfeeding.Thisadditionaltechniqueofnectaruptakemayhavedifferentbiophysics.Inordertorevealtheeffectofspecialstructuresofmouthpartsintermsoffeedingefficiency,webuildatemporalmodelfororchidbeesconsideringfluidtransportinmulti-statesincludingactivesuction,tongueprotrac-tionandviscousdipping.Ourmodelindicatesthatthedippingtechniqueemployedbyhoneybeescancontributetomorethanseventimesthevolumetricandenergeticintakerateatacertainnectarcon-centrationcomparedwiththecombinedmodeusedbyorchidbees.Thehighcapabilityofthehoneybee’sproboscistoingestnectarmayinspiremicropumpsfortransportingviscousliquidwithhigherefficienc
ผึ้ง (Apidae) areflower-visitinginsectsthatpossesshighlyefficientmouthpartsfortheingestionofnec-tarandothersucrosefluids.Theirmouthpartsarecomposedofmandiblesandatube-likeproboscis.Theproboscisformsafoodcanal, whichencompassesaprotrusibleandhairytonguetoloadandimbibenec-tar, representingafluid-feedingtechniquewithalowReynoldsnumber.Thewesternhoneybee, Apismelliferaligustica, canrhythmicallyerectthetonguemicrotrichiatoregulatetheglossalshape, achiev-ingatradeoff betweennectarintakerateandviscousdrag.Neotropicalorchidbees (Euglossaimperialis) possessaproboscislongerthanthebodyandcombinesthislapping-suckingmodeoffluid-feedingwithsuctionfeeding.Thisadditionaltechniqueofnectaruptakemayhavedifferentbiophysics.Inordertorevealtheeffectofspecialstructuresofmouthpartsintermsoffeedingefficiency,webuildatemporalmodelfororchidbeesconsideringfluidtransportinmulti-statesincludingactivesuction, tongueprotrac-tionandviscousdipping.Ourmodelindicatesthatthedippingtechniqueemployedbyhoneybeescancontributetomorethanseventimesthevolumetricandenergeticintakerateatacertainnectarcon-centrationcomparedwiththecombinedmodeusedbyorchidbees.Thehighcapabilityofthehoneybee'sproboscistoingestnectarmayinspiremicropumpsfortransportingviscousliquidwithhigherefficienc
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