The Leifson flagella staining procedure (7) herein was developed from that described in Murray et al. (14). As an alternative, commercially available reagents can be purchased from Presque Isle Cultures (Erie, PA) and flagella can be visualized by light microscopy using the manufacturer’s reagents and staining procedure outlined below. Presque Isle Cultures recommends staining the flagella of Pseudomonas fluorescensas a positive control, but in theory the appendages of any flagellated bacterium can be viewed by this methodology or the Leifson stain.