As Schmidt and Kaplan (1971) and Binning and Barrett (1989) have noted, the two positions
differ in terms of (1) the nature of the underlying constructs represented by the respective
criterion measures and (2) what they regard to be the primary purpose of the validation process
itself. l,et us consider the first set of assumptions, Underpinning the arguments for the composite
criterion is the assumption that the criterion should represent an economic rather than a
behavioral construct. The economic orientation is illustrated in Brogden and Taylor's (1950a)
"dollar criterion": "The criterion should measure the overall contribution of the individual to the
organization" (p. 139). Brogden and Taylor argued that overall efficiency should be measured in
dollar terms by applying cost accounting concepts and procedures to the individual job behaviors
of the employee. "The criterion problem centers primarily on the quantity, quality, and cost of the
finished product" (p. 141).