As shown in Table 2, the participants were 26 males (18.7%) and 113 females (81.3%)
recruited from students enrolled in a statistics course. The participation rate was 92 % out of
150 students. The mean age of the students is 21.67 years (SD = 1.2). The course is a core
course for a psychology degree programme. It is also a required course for students with
minor in psychology, of which there were 16 students (11.5%). The course lasted 14 weeks,
excluding a one week break. There were three sections of the course taught by the same
instructor. Each section received the same course contents (descriptive statistics, correlation,
regression, t-test, ANOVA, and non-parametric statistics) and assessments (mid-semester
examination, quizzes, and final examination).