IDM is a term used to refer to infants born to mothers with either preexisting diabetes or GDM. Either maternal condition leads to an increased risk for newborn mortality and morbidity. In utero, maternal hyperglycemia increases placental glucose transport and results in fetal hyperglycemia, which stimulates fetal pancreatic insulin production. After delivery, maternal glucose supply ceases even though newborn insulin production continues. A cascade ensues of high insulin-to-glycogen ratio, which inhibits induction of gluconeogenic enzymes, hinders hepatic glucose production and results in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia may continue for 24 to 72 hours until insulin secretion returns to normal.