Landfills are an important component of urban restoration, presenting on the one hand challenges related to soil contamination but also opportunities to restore additional ecosystems within urban areas on the other. For example, engineered soil caps over waste materials support native plant establishment and growth, stabilize slopes and riverbanks, and contain potentially harmful contaminants (Fetzer et al. 2006). However, soil caps intended primarily to mitigate problems associated with landfill waste may not be compatible with native species restoration objectives. For example, low mycorrhizal innocula and high bulk density of engineered clay soil caps were found to limit plant establishment and root growth on New Jersey landfills (Handel et al. 1997; Parsons et al. 1998). Kim and Lee (2005) suggest that seedling establishment from landfill seed banks relates to urban effects on soil organic matter, nutrient content, and heavy metal concentrations. The addition of readily available composted urban waste may be used to ameliorate these effects of urbanization on physical and chemical soil properties (Cogger 2005), although soil and water nutrient and contaminant enrichment from this practice require prerestoration assessment and postoperation monitoring. Developing guidelines to assess landfill soil conditions and treatments to improve landfill revegetation is an important research gap and opportunity for restoration and urban soil ecology