The assumption about the apparent homogeneity may, however, have been a result of and insufficient amount of research devoted to speech variation in Canada. In recent years there have been a number of studies devote to speech variation across Canada, with detailed work produced on many small linguistic islands, both urban and rural - for example, on Vancouver and Newfoundland. The data from older studies on regional variation are still valid, since changes have not been noted in the pronunciation and syntax, but rather in vocabulary. There has been a wealth of new research on all aspects of Canadian English, from phonetics to pragmatics to new linguistic phenomena. We include just a representative samplin of the available publications