As the most subjective phase of the analysis was the EWMN descriptions, a procedure was implemented to ensure their objec-tivity. The principal observer (KN) produced all the EWMN scores.Twelve of the notated scores were randomly selected and read by another (SMP), who had not previously watched the video sequences. The reader then provided a verbal and written descrip-tion of the sequences and these were compared to what the dog sactually did on the videotape. In each case, the naïve reader recre-ated the actual movements performed, confirming that the EWMN scores were an accurate descriptive representation of the behavior.