Data in this study were obtained from two samples of employees from 36 branches of a Western
Australian fast-food chain (the number of staff per branch ranged from 31 to 90 with an average of
57). The first sample consisted of the staff members of each branch (n¼364) and the second consisted
of the supervisors of each branch (n¼96). Response rates for these two samples are reported below.
All employees were being paid at an hourly rate indexed according to their age, tenure, and skills. The
organization operates primarily using a shift-work policy. The staff members working a particular shift
may change from week to week. Each shift is supervised by at least one supervisor.