The transducer
was held in a lathe, and the steel was gently
inserted. Batch samples (0.6 ml) were exposed to
cavitation in this system. The device was driven by an
amplifier (model 240L RF amplifier, ENI, Rochester,
NY) with an output resistance of 50 V. A function
generator (model HP 8904A) provided the sinusoidal
amplifier input signal. Heatsinks were coupled to the
steel at either end of the sonication device using
heatsink grease (CircuitworksR) to draw out the heat
from the steel. The device was housed in a die cast
steel box that was fitted with fans at either end to
further cool the system.