3.1. Smallholders demographic and land tenure
characteristics
Most farmers (68.4%) interviewed were young or
middle-aged men, between 25 and 50 years old. Educational
level was low. About 15.8% of farmers are illiterate
and most farmers (64.5%) did not have more than 4 years
of formal education (elementary school), and could
be classified as semi-illiterate with poor reading skills (Table 1). In terms of land tenure, 53.9% of farmers have
land titles while 46.1% have land use rights but no title.
Family labor was dominant but some farmers used hired
labor (Table 1). In addition to practicing agriculture,
farmers also practiced other subsistence activities such as
fishing, hunting and forest products extraction.