Environmental management is still relatively young and is rapidly evolving, so judging how successful it has been and in what ways it should be ‘tuned’ to better serve the quest for development is a challenge. As mentioned a paragraph or so ago, environmental management has to cope with natural threats and problems caused by human activity, it has to do this in a world where nature is being degraded, and it has to support livelihoods and steer these to ensure sustainable development. Environmental issues are so intertwined with socio-economic issues that it has to be sensitive to them, especially in poor developing countries – environmental management is ‘… of a single piece with survival and justice ...’ (Athanasiou, 1997: 15). Environmental management has to do all this in a ‘real world’ where: