This paradigm shift can be recognised at two separate levels (see also discussion in the following section). First, the promotion of Romani as away of protecting the human rights of its speakers is not aligned to the usual model for ‘standardisation’, which involves the creation of a homogenous community of communication. Second, the Romani case is exceptional because due to the absence of any Romani claim to territorials over eignty the link between language and nationalism is not obvious. Consequently, the instruments that serve the process of language
policy are distinct, and rely primarily on the engagement of a loose network of nongovernmental organisations and individual activists with transnational organisations of governance, each of which has limited powers to implement written- language norms or even to support language-promotion activities at local level.