A number of researchers in various empirical studies (Table 3) have used the TOE framework. For example based on TOE framework Zhu et al. (2003) developed a conceptual model for studying the adoption of electronic business at the firm level, incorporating six adoption facilitators and inhibitors. From a study of 3100 business and 7500 consumers in eight European countries, they found that technology competence, firm scope and size, consumer readiness, and competitive pressure were significant adoption drivers, while lack of trading partner readiness was a significant adoption inhibitor. Lertwongsatien and Wongpinunwatana (2003) examined the factors influencing e-commerce adoption decisions in small and medium enterprises in Thailand. They developed a research model for e-commerce adoption, which consists of six variables (organizational size, top management support for e-commerce, existence of IT department, perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, competitiveness) representing three major groups: organizational factors, technology factors, and external factors.