2.2 Fabrication of sensor layers, textiles and non-wovens
In a typical immobilisation procedure, each 100 mg of GJM-492 or of GJM-503 were treated with 1.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 min at room temperature [13]. This converted the hydroxyethylsulfonyl group of the indicator dye into the sulfonate. Then, the mixture was poured into 900 ml of distilled water and neutralised with 1.6 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide solution. At this stage, the inert dye RBBR (already a sulfonate, see Fig. 1) was added in weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 (indicator:RBBR) relative to the indicator dye, respectively. Then, 25.0 g of sodium carbonate in 100 ml of water and 5.2 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide solution were added. The cellulose support (either the Innovia layer or the T-shirts, the facecloths or the cotton swabs) were placed into this solution. Upon addition of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, the dye sulfonates were converted into vinylsulfonyl derivatives and coupled via Michael addition to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. After 60 min, the coloured materials were removed from the dyeing bath and washed with copious amounts of distilled water.
2.2 Fabrication of sensor layers, textiles and non-wovensIn a typical immobilisation procedure, each 100 mg of GJM-492 or of GJM-503 were treated with 1.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 min at room temperature [13]. This converted the hydroxyethylsulfonyl group of the indicator dye into the sulfonate. Then, the mixture was poured into 900 ml of distilled water and neutralised with 1.6 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide solution. At this stage, the inert dye RBBR (already a sulfonate, see Fig. 1) was added in weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 (indicator:RBBR) relative to the indicator dye, respectively. Then, 25.0 g of sodium carbonate in 100 ml of water and 5.2 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide solution were added. The cellulose support (either the Innovia layer or the T-shirts, the facecloths or the cotton swabs) were placed into this solution. Upon addition of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, the dye sulfonates were converted into vinylsulfonyl derivatives and coupled via Michael addition to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. After 60 min, the coloured materials were removed from the dyeing bath and washed with copious amounts of distilled water.
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