For instance, Arai taught Hyundai management how to carry out Toyota’s ‘three-problems ban policy’, to eliminate
(1) irrationality,
(2) imbalance, and
(3) superfluity (in sequence of priority) in manufacturing operations (Kang 1986).
Interestingly, however, he reversed the original order of the policy priorities, in order to cope with Hyundai’s resource shortage during its start-up stage, by stressing the elimination of superfluity as the first priority, followed by elimination of imbalance and irrationality