defined a stakeholder as “any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of an organization’s objectives.” This is a very broad definition; too broad, perhaps, because it would include competitors as stakeholders. Neely and Adams (2003), in developing their “Performance Prism,” took care to point out that any look at stakeholders must include stakeholder contributions as well as stakeholder satisfaction. In their view, stakeholders put in something and they take out something. This transaction view of a stakeholder is quite similar to the contributions-inducements theory of organizational membership articulated over a period of several decades by the likes of Chester Barnard, James March and Herbert Simon (more on contributions and inducements in a moment).