The mineral grains that form the solid phase of a soil aggregate are the product of rock
weathering. The size of the individual grains varies over a wide range. Many of the physical
properties of soil are dictated by the size, shape, and chemical composition of the
grains. To better understand these factors, one must be familiar with the basic types of rock
that form the earth’s crust, the rock-forming minerals, and the weathering process.
On the basis of their mode of origin, rocks can be divided into three basic types:
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Figure 2.1 shows a diagram of the formation
cycle of different types of rock and the processes associated with them. This is called the
rock cycle. Brief discussions of each element of the rock cycle follow.
The mineral grains that form the solid phase of a soil aggregate are the product of rockweathering. The size of the individual grains varies over a wide range. Many of the physicalproperties of soil are dictated by the size, shape, and chemical composition of thegrains. To better understand these factors, one must be familiar with the basic types of rockthat form the earth’s crust, the rock-forming minerals, and the weathering process.On the basis of their mode of origin, rocks can be divided into three basic types:igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Figure 2.1 shows a diagram of the formationcycle of different types of rock and the processes associated with them. This is called therock cycle. Brief discussions of each element of the rock cycle follow.
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