• Both pre-service and in-service professional development should extend teachers’ understanding and skills of assessment for different purposes, highlight potential bias in teachers’ assessment and help teachers to minimise the negative impact of assessment on
pupils.
• Attention and resources must be given to creating developmental criteria, which indicate a progression in learning related to particular goals and can be applied to a range of relevant activities.
• Teachers should have access to well designed tasks assessing skills and understanding, which can help them to make judgments across the full range of learning goals.
• Procedures need to be transparent and judgments supported by evidence.
• Summative assessment must be in harmony with the procedures of formative assessment and should be designed to minimise the burden on teachers and pupils.