Participants
Participants were selected using non-probability volunteer sampling from among the students enrolled in and attending the authors’ composition courses in Spring 2014. One author used GAFE for two sections of College Composition I (one held in the computer classroom, another held in a traditional classroom) and one section of College Composition II in a computer classroom at a mid-size community college serving a diverse rural, urban, and suburban commuter population. The other author used GAFE for one section of Critical Research and Writing I in the continuing studies school of a small liberal arts college. The first author’s classes consisted of 66 students at two campuses. The second author’s class consisted of 14 students attending weekly evening classes on the main campus. Of these 80 students, 54 responded to the survey, a 68% response rate. Demographic characteristics of the combined participant population appear Table 1. We used the standard US Census codes to determine student demographic characteristics.