This process, which isapplied without pressure, incorporates the use of a metal arc (an arc that transfers metal) which is formed between a covered electrode and the weld pool. The electrode consists of a wire core around which aconcentric mixture of silicate binders and powdered materials such as fluorides, carbonates, oxides, metal alloys, and cellulose is extruded. This covering serves asa source of arc stabilizers and vapors to displace air aswell as metal and slag to protect, support, and insulate the hot weld metal