By direct observation, it is possible to capture the travel utilized by each employee in a process. This requires identifying each employee in the process and tracking his or her movements during the completion of one unit of work. The challenge is to ensure that any prework travel to pick up work-in-process, other materials, tools, or supplies is documented. Likewise, you must also document the postwork travel, which might include delivering the work-in-process to the next step in the value stream, as well as returning tools, supplies, and/or materials to other locations.