Abstract—This paper present a method to determine the optimal
tuning of the PI controller parameter on Direct current (DC)
motor drive system using particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm, Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) tuning and Modified Ziegler-
Nichols (MZN) tuning method. The main objective of this paper
is to minimize transient response specifications chosen as rise
time, settling time and overshoot, for better speed response of DC
motor drive. The speed control of DC motor is done using PI and
PID controllers. Implementation of PID controller for DC motor
speed control is done using ZN and MZN tuning method. For
PSO algorithm technique, PI controller is used to improve the
performance of DC motor speed control system. A comparison is
made on the basis of objective function (rise time, settling time
and overshoot) from output Step responses. The proposed
approach had superior features, including easy implementation,
stable convergence characteristic, and good computational
efficiency. Fast tuning of optimum PI controller parameters
yields high-quality solution. Compared with traditional ZN
method and MZN method, the proposed method is found indeed
more efficient and robust in improving the step response of DC
motor drive system.
Keywords-DC motor, optimal contro, particle swarm
optimization, Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, PI controller, PID
controller.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays several control theories have been developed
significantly; we do see the widely popular use of
proportional-integral (PI) and proportional integral-derivative
(PID) controllers in process control, motor drives, flight
control, and instrumentation. The reason of this acceptability
is for its simple structure which can be easily understood and
implemented. Industries too can boast of the extensive use of
PI and PID controllers because of its robustness and
simplicity. The past decades witnessed many advancing
improvements keeping in mind the requirement of the end
users. Easy implementation of hardware and software has
helped to gain its popularity. Several approaches have been
documented in literatures for determining the PID parameters
of such controllers which is first found by Ziegler- Nichols
tuning [6]. Genetic Algorithm, neural network, fuzzy based
approach [7, 9], particle swarm optimization techniques [1]-
[5] are just a few among these numerous works.