IntroductionSperm morphology is an essential part of semen anal-ysis (Mortimer and Menkveld, 2001; Yaniz et al., 2015). Itis superior to analysis of motility for evaluating the geneticand DNA characteristics of the cell (Meyer and Barth, 2001;Rodríguez-Martínez, 2006; Menkveld et al., 2011). Abnor-mal sperm may represent disturbances in spermatogenesisthat affect not only abnormal sperm but also sperm in thesame ejaculate that are otherwise normal or near-normalappearing