The study suggests that representative sampling and valid behavioral surveillance among general population can occur in a short period of time and this would appear feasible for general population surveillance in Thailand. However, it may be desirable to include some additional items to evaluate risk related to drug use, as well as common determinants of risk such as alcohol use or history of sexual coercion [13,21]. Our findings, combined with other recent research in Thailand [11,13,17,21] suggest that more attention needs to be given to condom use with non-commercial partners and that efforts are also needed to improve the long-term efficacy of the 100% condom programme with commercial partners. More attention to personal risk, rather than to identification of risk groups, may be helpful. There is also the need to develop HIV education and prevention packages specific for women, that draw on programmes in Thailand that have increased awareness of personal HIV risk, taught assertive behaviors for using condoms or encouraged utilization of VCT [33–35]. In addition, consideration should be given to increased access to and use of VCT, including premarital testing for couples. Further, policy-makers should ensure continuous availability of HIV education and prevention resources in both rural and urban communities.