Test and control infusions. Vials of lyophilized DEB (sizes range, 100-300 μm) were hydrated in 1 mL of sterile water, to which 2 mL of Omnipaque contrast media (Amersham, Piscataway, NJ) and 1 mL of saline were added. In each test rabbit, 1 mL of the total solution (containing ∼11.25 mg doxorubicin in DEB) was injected intra-arterially. Control arm animals received either infusion of doxorubicin alone (IA; same concentration, ∼11.25 mg doxorubicin), or doxorubicin followed by 1 mL (300-500 μm bland spheres; IA + GS), or with doxorubicin emulsified in lipiodol oil (ethiodol; Savage Laboratories, Melville, NY) followed by plain spheres (TACE).