Parallel Response Model
fears appeal and persuasion causes 2 type of responses - Danger control processes
- Fear control processes
Protection Motivation Theory
Fear Message with highly persuasion effect must lead the audience to recognize in 3 aspects
1. Perceive severity
2. Perceive Susceptibility
3. Recommended response is effectively reduce the risk (Self Efficacy and Response Efficacy)
Extended Parallel Process Model
Mixing of Parallel response model and Protection motivation theory
In order for fear-based campaigns to be effective, they must induce a moderately-high level of fear and a higher level of self-efficacy and response efficacy. When the audience feels that there is a higher level of fear than efficacy, the message is ineffective.
Inputs
4 key factors to predict the likely outcome of communications which involve a fear appeal:
Self-Efficacy - The perception the individual has that they are competent to perform the tasks needed to control the risk.
Response Efficacy - The perception the individual has that the action if carried out will successfully control the risk.
Susceptibility - The perception the individual has of how likely the threat is to impact them.
Severity - The perception the individual has of the magnitude of the threat.