In Cd and Cd + CAPE groups, CdCl 2, dissolved in physiological saline (0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) in distilled water), was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 1mg/kg/day for 21 days, and in Cd + CAPE group, CAPE was co-administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mmol/kg for also 21 days