Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy with a multifactorial aetiology. Early childhood infections have been shown to be a risk factor for CD (Myle ´ us et al., 2012). Also, the jejunal microbiota is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of CD (Olivares et al., 2013). This is supported by epidemiological data from Sweden showing