Table 2 provides the results of tests of associations that compare the amount of toothpaste applied in response to each instruction with parent and child sociodemographics. For example, the amount applied by parents of males vs parents of females did not differ when parents were instructed to provide the amount they use with their child—either a typical, pea-sized, or smear amount. The largest difference, 0.12 g more toothpaste applied by parents of males in response to the instruction to apply a
typical amount, approached statistical significance (P=0.70)