The percent sodium (% Na) is calculated using the
formula given below:
Na % = ( Na++ K+ ) × 100 / (Ca2++Mg2 + Na2++K+)
Where the concentratins are reported in meq/l.
The percent sodium in samples ranges from 7.82 % to
448 % with an average value of with an average value
of 124.41 suggesting that the groundwater of the study
regions falls under excellent to permissible limits for
irrigation Table 6 .When the range of sodium is high, it
will be absorbed by the clay particles, displacing Mg2+
and Ca2+ ions. The exchange process of Na+ in water
for Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in soil reduces the permeability
and eventually results in soil with poor internal
drainage. Hence, air and water circulation is restricted
during wet conditions and such soils are usually hard
when dry.