The word delirium is derived from Latin words de (away from, out of) and lira (the earth thrown up between two furrows) and is used to describe a condition in which an individual is performing at a lower level than normal and is not at the top of his or her conscious level.1 The delirious state represents an acute change in concentration, attention, and cognition.
Delirium is defined as a transient, usually reversible, cerebral dysfunction that manifests clinically with a broad range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The hallmarks of delirium are waxing and waning signs, symptoms, and sensorium. Alertness and vigilance in the patient fluctuate. A delirious patient does indeed receive external information, but integrates it incorrectly, which produces behavioral responses that are inadequate to the environment.2 Delirium is life threatening but can be prevented.
Despite the clinical impact delirium can have on patients, the pathophysiological mechanisms of delirium are still unknown.3 The recognition rates of delirium are 12 to 43 percent, and delirium is inadequately treated in up to 80 percent of patients who exhibit it.4 Delirium complicates the hospital stays of 20 percent of patients who are 65 years of age or older.5
Delirium is more commonly seen in surgical and medical wards than in psychiatric wards.2 Patients with delirium have higher mortality, readmission, and long-term care rates compared to the general population.6Delirium costs approximately $38 billion to $152 billion per year in healthcare.7 Delirium occurs in 60 to 87 percent of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, 15 to 60 percent of nursing home patients, and 14 to 56 percent of hospital inpatients (Figure 1).7,8 Delirium occurs in 15 to 53 percent of older patients postoperatively. The prevalence of delirium increases with age and can occur in up to 14 percent of individuals who are over the age of 85 years, although the overall prevalence in the community is 1 to 2 percent.5 In patients who are hospitalized with delirium, 22 to 76 percent die.7 The yearly mortality rate worldwide for cases of delirium is 35 to 40 percent.5
The word delirium is derived from Latin words de (away from, out of) and lira (the earth thrown up between two furrows) and is used to describe a condition in which an individual is performing at a lower level than normal and is not at the top of his or her conscious level.1 The delirious state represents an acute change in concentration, attention, and cognition.
Delirium is defined as a transient, usually reversible, cerebral dysfunction that manifests clinically with a broad range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The hallmarks of delirium are waxing and waning signs, symptoms, and sensorium. Alertness and vigilance in the patient fluctuate. A delirious patient does indeed receive external information, but integrates it incorrectly, which produces behavioral responses that are inadequate to the environment.2 Delirium is life threatening but can be prevented.
Despite the clinical impact delirium can have on patients, the pathophysiological mechanisms of delirium are still unknown.3 The recognition rates of delirium are 12 to 43 percent, and delirium is inadequately treated in up to 80 percent of patients who exhibit it.4 Delirium complicates the hospital stays of 20 percent of patients who are 65 years of age or older.5
Delirium is more commonly seen in surgical and medical wards than in psychiatric wards.2 Patients with delirium have higher mortality, readmission, and long-term care rates compared to the general population.6Delirium costs approximately $38 billion to $152 billion per year in healthcare.7 Delirium occurs in 60 to 87 percent of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, 15 to 60 percent of nursing home patients, and 14 to 56 percent of hospital inpatients (Figure 1).7,8 Delirium occurs in 15 to 53 percent of older patients postoperatively. The prevalence of delirium increases with age and can occur in up to 14 percent of individuals who are over the age of 85 years, although the overall prevalence in the community is 1 to 2 percent.5 In patients who are hospitalized with delirium, 22 to 76 percent die.7 The yearly mortality rate worldwide for cases of delirium is 35 to 40 percent.5
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
