The uteroplacental insufficiency associated with
preeclampsia can be caused by failure of trophoblast
invasion of the myometrial segment of spiral arteries,
leading to failure of dilatation of these vessels, atherosis,
occlusion, and infarction [44]. Diabetes can cause
hyperglycemia-related damage to the endothelial lining of
micro- and macrovascular system and structural changes in
placental decidual arteries, therefore causing hypoperfusion
and growth restriction in fetuses of diabetic women