Acid gases (HCl, HF, SO2) are airborne pollutants typically
generated in the combustion of solid waste. Their removal can be
performed by several wet or dry treatment processes (European
Commission, 2006). Best available techniques (BAT) for both
approaches are able to meet current emission standards, but differ
with respect to investment and operating costs. In particular, since
their introduction in the mid-1990s, dry treatment systems based
on sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) injection have demonstrated
cost-effectiveness and ease of operation and maintenance
(Vehlow, 2015). About 29% of municipal solid waste incinerators
(MSWI) built in Europe after 2000 adopt NaHCO3 injection. In
France and Italy sodium-based dry treatment systems are implemented
respectively in 33% and 59% of the Waste-to-Energy
(WtE) plants that started operation after 2005