where V, is the node voltage solution vector, Xd is the vector
of dependent sources, and X . is the vector of independent
sources. To have conductance matrix Gnn show the usual
symmetry, write the KCL node equations in the same order as
that of the node voltage components in the solution vector and
add currents having direction away from each node. In some
cases, these equations may be supernode equations. Matrix En,
accounts for current terms in the KCL node equations due to
circuit conductances. Matrix And accounts for contributions to
the KCL equations due to dependent sources, and matrix A,,
inserts current components due to the source vector Xs
Assuming a linear dependence of the vector of dependent
sources Xd on the vector of controlling variables X, gives