The properties of water at the saturation temperature of 100°C are hfg = 2257×103 J/kg and ρv =
0.60 kg/m3. The properties of liquid water at the film temperature of Tf = (Tsat + Ts ) / 2 = (100 + 90)/2 =
95°C are (Table A-9),
ρ
μ
ν μ ρ
l
l
l l l
pl
kl
=
= × ⋅
= = ×
= ⋅°
= ⋅°
−
−
9615
0297 10
0 309 10
4212
0677
3
3
6
.
.
/ .
.
kg / m
kg / m s
m /s
C J/ kg C
W /m C
2
Analysis The modified latent heat of vaporization is
hfg hfg Cpl T Ts
* = + . ( − )
= × × ⋅° − ° ×
068
2257 103 103
sat
J / kg + 0.68 4212 J / kg C(100 90) C = 2,286 J / kg
Assuming wavy-laminar flow, the Reynolds number is determined from
1112
(0.309 10 m / s)
9.8 m/s
(0.297 10 kg/m s)(2286 10 J/kg)
4.81 3.70 (3 m) (0.677 W/m C) (100 90) C
3.70 ( )
Re Re 4.81
1/ 3 0.82
6 2 2
2
3 3
1/ 3 0.820
* 2
sat
vertical,wavy
=
⎥ ⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢ ⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜ ⎜
⎝
⎛
× ⋅ × ×
× × ⋅° × − °
= +
⎥ ⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢ ⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜ ⎜
⎝
− ⎛
= = +
− −
l fg l
l s g
h
Lk T T
μ ν
which is between 30 and 1800, and thus our assumption of wavy laminar flow is verified. Then the
condensation heat transfer coefficient is determined to be
6279 W/m C
(0.309 10 m /s)
9.8 m/s
1.08(1112) 5.2
1112 (0.677 W/m C)
1.08Re 5.2
Re
2
1/ 3
6 2 2
2
1.22
1/ 3
vertical,wavy 1.22 2
° ⋅ = ⎟ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜ ⎜
⎝
⎛
− ×
× ⋅°
=
⎟ ⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜ ⎜
⎝
⎛
−
= =
−
l
kl g
h h
ν
The heat transfer surface area of the plate is
A =W × L = (3 m)(5 m) = 15 m2 s
Then the rate of heat transfer during this condensation process becomes
= ( − ) = (6279 W/m2 ⋅°C)(15 m2 )(100− 90)°C = 941,850 W
Q hAs Tsat Ts &
(b) The rate of condensation of steam is determined from
= 0.412 kg/s
×
= =
2286 10 J/kg
941,850 J/s
condensation * 3
h fg
m Q
&
&
m
3 m
90°C
1 atm
Steam
5 m
The properties of water at the saturation temperature of 100°C are hfg = 2257×103 J/kg and ρv =0.60 kg/m3. The properties of liquid water at the film temperature of Tf = (Tsat + Ts ) / 2 = (100 + 90)/2 =95°C are (Table A-9),ρμν μ ρlll l lplkl== × ⋅= = ×= ⋅°= ⋅°−−96150297 100 309 1042120677336../ ..kg / mkg / m sm /sC J/ kg CW /m C2Analysis The modified latent heat of vaporization ishfg hfg Cpl T Ts* = + . ( − )= × × ⋅° − ° ×0682257 103 103satJ / kg + 0.68 4212 J / kg C(100 90) C = 2,286 J / kgAssuming wavy-laminar flow, the Reynolds number is determined from1112(0.309 10 m / s)9.8 m/s(0.297 10 kg/m s)(2286 10 J/kg)4.81 3.70 (3 m) (0.677 W/m C) (100 90) C3.70 ( )Re Re 4.811/ 3 0.826 2 223 31/ 3 0.820* 2satvertical,wavy=⎥ ⎥⎦⎤⎢ ⎢⎣⎡⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛× ⋅ × ×× × ⋅° × − °= +⎥ ⎥⎦⎤⎢ ⎢⎣⎡⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝− ⎛= = +− −l fg ll s ghLk T Tμ νwhich is between 30 and 1800, and thus our assumption of wavy laminar flow is verified. Then thecondensation heat transfer coefficient is determined to be6279 W/m C(0.309 10 m /s)9.8 m/s1.08(1112) 5.21112 (0.677 W/m C)1.08Re 5.2Re21/ 36 2 221.221/ 3vertical,wavy 1.22 2° ⋅ = ⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛− ×× ⋅°=⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛−= =−lkl gh hνThe heat transfer surface area of the plate isA =W × L = (3 m)(5 m) = 15 m2 sThen the rate of heat transfer during this condensation process becomes= ( − ) = (6279 W/m2 ⋅°C)(15 m2 )(100− 90)°C = 941,850 WQ hAs Tsat Ts &(b) The rate of condensation of steam is determined from= 0.412 kg/s×= =2286 10 J/kg941,850 J/scondensation * 3h fgm Q&&m3 m90°C1 atmSteam5 m
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