cept Met and Cys in SECM after the desolventization
and toasting steps of the solvent extraction process,
and they attributed this to Maillard reactions because
the color of the meal was changed from light yellow to
brown by this process. Classen et al. (2004) reported
that Maillard reactions occurred in canola meal during
desolventization and toasting, when the meal temperature
and moisture content were at least 105°C and
10%, respectively. The moisture content in canola meal
before the desolventization and toasting steps of the
solvent extraction process is approximately 7% (Newkirk
et al., 2003a). However, during desolventization
and toasting, the solvent is removed from the meal by
infusion of a hot steam of water, which increases meal
moisture to as much as 15 to 18% (Spragg and Mailer,
2007; Canola Council of Canada, 2009). Therefore, the
reduced content of AA in SECM could be due to desolventization
and toasting of the meal during solvent
extraction, leading to a Maillard reaction. Newkirk et
al. (2003b) reported numerically greater contents of
S-containing AA in toasted than in untoasted canola
meal, indicating that the differences in the contents of
these AA between SECM and EECM could also be due
to desolventization and toasting of the SECM during
solvent extraction. However, the reason desolventization
and toasting could result in increased contents of
the S-containing AA is not clear. The greater NDF content
for SECM than for EECM could also be due to a
Maillard reaction in SECM during desolventization and
toasting. The Maillard reaction results in the formation
of insoluble proteins, which are neutral detergent
insoluble (Van Soest, 1994). Classen et al. (2004) reported
an increased NDIN content in canola meal after
desolventization and toasting. In the current study,
the NDIN content for SECM was greater than that for
EECM by 12%.