The NHANES is a series of national health examination
surveys, conducted by the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) of the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, to collect data on the health and nutritional
status of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized
civilian US population by using a multistage, stratified
sampling design [17]. The protocol was approved by
the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB) and all
subjects provided written informed consent. The analysis
of this study was restricted to 8,745 non-Hispanic
Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Mexican Americans
aged 40 yrs or older with valid spirometry measurements
in the NHANES III survey (1988-94). A total of 868 subjects
with missing information for covariates of interest
(e.g., urinary Cd) were excluded from the analyses. Pregnant
subjects (n = 65) and those with unreliable or
incomplete information on Zn intake, such as type, frequency,
and amount of vitamin and mineral supplement
use (n = 1,086) were excluded. This resulted in a final
sample of 6,726 subjects in the current analysis.
The NHANES is a series of national health examination
surveys, conducted by the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) of the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, to collect data on the health and nutritional
status of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized
civilian US population by using a multistage, stratified
sampling design [17]. The protocol was approved by
the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (ERB) and all
subjects provided written informed consent. The analysis
of this study was restricted to 8,745 non-Hispanic
Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Mexican Americans
aged 40 yrs or older with valid spirometry measurements
in the NHANES III survey (1988-94). A total of 868 subjects
with missing information for covariates of interest
(e.g., urinary Cd) were excluded from the analyses. Pregnant
subjects (n = 65) and those with unreliable or
incomplete information on Zn intake, such as type, frequency,
and amount of vitamin and mineral supplement
use (n = 1,086) were excluded. This resulted in a final
sample of 6,726 subjects in the current analysis.
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