III. 5G CELLULAR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE To contemplate 5G network in the market now, it is evident that the multiple access techniques in the network are almost at a still and requires sudden improvement. Current technologies like OFDMA will work at least for next 50 years. Moreover, there is no need to have a change in
the wireless setup which had come about from 1G to 4G. Alternatively, there could be only the addition of an application or amelioration done at the fundamental network to please user requirements. This will provoke the package providers to drift for a 5G network as early as 4G is commercially set up [8]. To meet the demands of the user and to overcome the challenges that has been put forward in the 5G system, a drastic change in the strategy of designing the 5G wireless cellular architecture is needed. A general observation of the researchers has shown in [14] that most of thewirelessusersstayinsideforapproximately80percentof time and outside for approximately 20 percent of the time. In present wireless cellular architecture, for a mobile user to communicate whether inside or outside, an outside base stationpresentinthemiddleofacellhelpsincommunication. So for inside users to communicate with the outside base station, the signals will have to travel through the walls of the indoors, and this will result in very high penetration loss, whichcorrespondinglycostswithreducedspectralefficiency, data rate, and energy efficiency of wireless communications. To overcome this challenge, a new idea or designing technique that has come in to existence for scheming the 5G cellular architecture is to distinct outside and inside setups[8].Withthisdesigningtechnique,thepenetrationloss through the walls of the building will be slightly reduced. This idea will be supported with the help of massive MIMO technology [15], in which geographically dispersed array of antenna’s are deployed which have tens or hundreds of antenna units. Since present MIMO systems are using either twoorfour antennas,buttheidea ofmassiveMIMOsystems hascomeupwiththeideaofutilizingtheadvantagesoflarge array antenna elements in terms of huge capacity gains.
สถาปัตยกรรมเครือข่ายเซลลูลาร์ III. 5 กรัมจ่อ 5 กรัมเครือข่ายในตลาดตอนนี้ จะเห็นว่า เทคนิคการเข้าถึงหลายในเครือข่ายเกือบที่นิ่ง และต้องปรับปรุงอย่างฉับพลัน ปัจจุบันเทคโนโลยีเช่น OFDMA จะทำงานอย่างน้อย 50 ปีถัดไป นอกจากนี้ ไม่จำเป็นต้องมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงในthe wireless setup which had come about from 1G to 4G. Alternatively, there could be only the addition of an application or amelioration done at the fundamental network to please user requirements. This will provoke the package providers to drift for a 5G network as early as 4G is commercially set up [8]. To meet the demands of the user and to overcome the challenges that has been put forward in the 5G system, a drastic change in the strategy of designing the 5G wireless cellular architecture is needed. A general observation of the researchers has shown in [14] that most of thewirelessusersstayinsideforapproximately80percentof time and outside for approximately 20 percent of the time. In present wireless cellular architecture, for a mobile user to communicate whether inside or outside, an outside base stationpresentinthemiddleofacellhelpsincommunication. So for inside users to communicate with the outside base station, the signals will have to travel through the walls of the indoors, and this will result in very high penetration loss, whichcorrespondinglycostswithreducedspectralefficiency, data rate, and energy efficiency of wireless communications. To overcome this challenge, a new idea or designing technique that has come in to existence for scheming the 5G cellular architecture is to distinct outside and inside setups[8].Withthisdesigningtechnique,thepenetrationloss through the walls of the building will be slightly reduced. This idea will be supported with the help of massive MIMO technology [15], in which geographically dispersed array of antenna’s are deployed which have tens or hundreds of antenna units. Since present MIMO systems are using either twoorfour antennas,buttheidea ofmassiveMIMOsystems hascomeupwiththeideaofutilizingtheadvantagesoflarge array antenna elements in terms of huge capacity gains.
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