Table 8 shows the results of the instrumental variable
regression using year-on-year industry average as
instruments. In the first stage, each instrument is
regressed against the respective endogenous variable
with control variables. In the second stage, the
subindices are regressed individually against
Tobin’s q12 with control variables. The significance
of the subindices decreases slightly, but they are still
significant at the 5% level, except for accounting
standards. These results suggest there are problems of
endogeneity within the CG mechanisms, although
board structure and executive compensation are less
affected.