2. Instrumentation
Two instruments the Strategies for English Listening (SEL and the TOEIC were used in this study. In order to assess the variety and frequency of students use of listening strategies. the author developed a self-report questionnaire. the SEL, through previous studies and inter- views of 10 college students learning English in Korea (OMalley & Chamot. 1990: Oxford, 1990 The 32 Likert-scale items of the SEL range from 1: never or almost never true of me to "5: always or almost always true of me.