There were no group differences at baseline with respect to chronic homelessness, intention to adhere, injection drug use, methamphetamine use, or education; however, gender and ethnic differences were found. Men were overrepresented in the NCMIT program, and Latinos were overrepresented in the SIT program. The NCMIT participants were most likely to report daily alcohol and drug use and to have used noninjection drugs in the last 6 months. Veteran status, social support, and emotional well-being also differed somewhat between the programs, as did type of recruitment site.