Human health-related costs
Economic benefits of improved health as a result of better
water quality can be measured in a number of different
ways, but typically take into account parameters including
productivity loss, treatment costs, and the value of
prevented deaths. Increased health has economic benefits
to governments through reducing needed expenditures on
disease treatment; benefits to individuals through reduced
expenditure on disease treatment, transportation to seek
treatment, and lost time in seeking treatment; and benefits
to the agricultural and industrial sectors through improved
productivity and fewer expenses associated with employee
health care (SIWI 2005).
Human health-related costs can be very significant – for
example, economic losses as a result of the mortality and
morbidity impacts from the lack of water and sanitation in
Africa are estimated at US$ 28.4 billion or about 5 percent
of GDP (UN WWAP 2009). As water quality degradation
continues, the prevalence and impacts of disease will
increase, particularly among the poor and vulnerable (MA
2005a). And sanitation and drinking water investments are
found to have high rates of return: for every US$ 1 invested,
there is a projected $3-$34 economic development return
(UN WWAP 2009).
Many recent studies on health-related costs of poor water
quality are in reference to the wa
Human health-related costsEconomic benefits of improved health as a result of betterwater quality can be measured in a number of differentways, but typically take into account parameters includingproductivity loss, treatment costs, and the value ofprevented deaths. Increased health has economic benefitsto governments through reducing needed expenditures ondisease treatment; benefits to individuals through reducedexpenditure on disease treatment, transportation to seektreatment, and lost time in seeking treatment; and benefitsto the agricultural and industrial sectors through improvedproductivity and fewer expenses associated with employeehealth care (SIWI 2005).Human health-related costs can be very significant – forexample, economic losses as a result of the mortality andmorbidity impacts from the lack of water and sanitation inAfrica are estimated at US$ 28.4 billion or about 5 percentof GDP (UN WWAP 2009). As water quality degradationcontinues, the prevalence and impacts of disease willincrease, particularly among the poor and vulnerable (MA2005a). And sanitation and drinking water investments arefound to have high rates of return: for every US$ 1 invested,there is a projected $3-$34 economic development return(UN WWAP 2009).Many recent studies on health-related costs of poor waterquality are in reference to the wa
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