Other colonial powers also created a competent new civil service, the Japanese colonial project was distinct in both the extend and the intensity of bureaucratic penetration. All bureaucracies face the problem on how to ensure that the official at the bottom rung faithfully implement central command. In addition, to the civil bureaucracy, the Japanese developed a well-organized police force. The colonial police office was designed on the lines of the Meji police insofar as it was highly centralized and well disciplined and played and extensive role in social economic control. This extensive and closely supervised police force, which penetrated every Korean village, performed numerous functions other than “normal” police duties of law and order maintenance. Power granted to police included surveillance and control over “politics, education, religion, morals, health and public welfare, and tax collection.” Even in production, local police were known to have “compelled villages to switch from existing food crops” to cash crops and to adopt “new techniques” in rice production so as to facilitate exports to Japan