ConclusionsIn the present study, we demonstrate for the first time thepotential mechanisms responsible for the hypoglycemic activityof MAP in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Mechanistically, onthe one hand MAP administration caused a significant elevationof serum insulin levels and pancreatic insulin contents in dia-betic mice. On the other hand, MAP reversed the increased PEPCKmRNA expression and the reduced glycogen contents in the liverof diabetic mice. Thus, the antidiabetic activity of MAP is asso-ciated with elevated pancreatic insulin synthesis and secretion,elevated liver glycogen synthesis, and diminished liver gluconeo-genesis. Moreover, MAP also improved the circulating levels ofmarkers of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in diabeticmice, which may contribute to the anti-diabetic effect of MAP. Inaddition, MAP also significantly improved the impaired liver func-tion and renal function markers in the blood of diabetic mice.Taken together, these findings provide important new insightsinto the hypoglycemic activity and the underlying mechanismsof MAP in type 1 diabetic mice, and indicate that MAP may be apotential therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes. However, morestudies are needed to further assess the mechanisms of action,structure-function relationship of MAP, and the efficacy of MAPadministration as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients