The problem is not just urban and peri-urban manufacturing – in many rural areas of developing countries, small-scale mining operations are a problem. Smallscale commerce is little unionised, and often employs women and children and the elderly, groups which are especially vulnerable to workplace risks such as use of toxic compounds, inadequate safety clothing, solvent-based glues, welding equipment, cutting tools and so on. Business, whether small-scale or large, must care for the surrounding environment and the conditions its workers operate in; achieving that in developing countries can be a problem, as the Bhopal disaster showed. It helps if authorities adopt a precautionary principle approach.