A two-stage sampling strategy at the village and house- hold level was used to select and recruit the target po- pulation of pregnant women and mothers with children 6–23 months old (mother-child pair). The sampling frame included all villages in the catchment areas of the selected health facilities with the number of households per village based on Kenya Census 2009 [17]. Out of 498 villages, 104 villages were selected according to a prob- ability proportionate to size cluster sampling technique. In almost all villages (n = 97), a key informant interview was conducted with a village elder using a structured questionnaire. Key informants were asked about village characteristics, agricultural activities in their village, market access for produce, health services access, and the presence of village nutrition and health committees. On average there were 113 households per village. A within-village sampling frame was established through a door-to-door census of each village. Women who were pregnant or had an infant up to 23 months of age (or both) were invited to come to the survey site for in- formed consent and survey administration.