A double compression test (TPA) was performed using a 75 mm
diameter flat-ended cylindrical probe (P/75) and compression to
50% of the initial height, at a speed of 1 mm/s with a 5 s waiting
time between the two cycles. From the curves, the parameter
hardness (the peak force during the first compression cycle),
springiness (the height recovered by the food between the end of
the first compression and the start of the second compression),
cohesiveness (the ratio of the positive force area during the second
compression to the positive force area during the first compression), chewiness (the product of hardness*cohesiveness*springiness), and resilience (area during the withdrawal of the first
compression divided by the area of the first compression) were
determined